Hi all! I was recently working on a blogpost about developing a cutting-edge web application using Rails + Ember.js. And guess what! Suddenly, Ember.js reached its final version: 1.0.0, that's it, no more release candidates!
Along with this first final version, the Ember.js core team released Ember Data 1.0.0-beta.1, and if we compare it with the previous version 0.13, it has a lot of changes, so upgrading your old Ember.js application could be a bit messy!
Why am I saying this? Well, because your application might stop working! As you probably know, JavaScript applications have a tendency to break with the slightest change.
So, here I just want to show you the most important changes that I found while I was upgrading my Ember.js example application. It's worth mentioning that the major changes come from Ember Data.
Models.
One of the most interesting changes with Models is the association declaration. With Ember Data 0.13 you had:
App.Post = DS.Model.extend
title: DS.attr('string')
content: DS.attr('string')
author: DS.belongsTo('App.User')
comments: DS.hasMany('App.Comment')
Now you have to write it this way:
App.Post = DS.Model.extend
title: DS.attr('string')
content: DS.attr('string')
author: DS.belongsTo('user')
comments: DS.hasMany('comment')
As you can see, you don't have to specify the full name of the object, and it's lowercase. In case you have a Model composed by two words, the relationship should be declared in camel case. For instance: App.UsersGroup should be DS.hasMany('usersGroup').
Adapters & Serializers.
This change affects Models too. If you have used Ember.js and Rails before, you remember that your JSON keys were normalized from last_name to lastName, which was the default behavior. Now that was removed from Ember Data 1.0.0-beta. But don't worry, the Ember Data team is working on a special adapter for Rails: the ActiveModelAdapter that will have include the previous behavior. While this happens, you could change your models to something like this:
App.User = DS.Model.extend
name: DS.attr('string')
last_name: DS.attr('string')
email: DS.attr('string')
Eventually you will have to access the properties in the same way: fullName = user.get('name') + ' ' + user.get('last_name'). It's not a big deal. With this you'll save a normalize & serialize task. Because the attributes will be sent to the server as you have already declared the Ember.js Model, and remember that Rails accepts parameters in snake case, like: last_name .
Another important change about Adapters & Serializers is that now they are wired up by the name! We all love the convention over configuration paradigm, and the Ember team is doing a great job in that respect!. Also, you don't even need to declare a store, and we can have an Adapter/Serializer per Model. With Ember Data 0.13 we had this:
App.Post = DS.Model.extend({
# properties go here...
})
App.PostSerializer = DS.RESTSerializer.extend({
# custom behaviour...
})
App.PostAdapter = DS.RESTAdapter.extend
serializer: 'App.PostSerializer'
App.Store = DS.Store.extend()
App.Store.registerAdapter App.Post, App.PostAdapter
Now with the new Ember Data, we just need to declare this:
App.Post = DS.Model.extend({
# properties go here...
})
App.PostSerializer = DS.RESTSerializer.extend({
# custom behaviour...
})
App.PostAdapter = DS.RESTAdapter.extend({
# custom behaviour...
})
As I told you before, we don't need to declare the store and we don't need to configure the Serializer to the Adapter neither, this is convention over configuration at work!
Finally, there are some changes in the JSON that the server must return, mainly with the association properties. So instead of this:
{
"users": [
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Eduardo",
"last_name": "Figarola Mota",
"email": "eduardo.figarola@magmalabs.io"
}
],
"comments": [
{
"id": 1,
"content": "Very interesting...",
"user_id": 2,
"post_id": 1
},
{
"id": 2,
"content": "Nice work!",
"user_id": 3,
"post_id": 1
}
],
"post": {
"id": 1,
"title": "Hello World!",
"content": "Building a cutting-edge web application...",
"author_id": 1,
"comment_ids": ["1","2"]
}
}
Your server should return something like this:
{
"users": [
{
"id": 1,
"name": "Eduardo",
"last_name": "Figarola Mota",
"email": "eduardo.figarola@magmalabs.io"
}
],
"comments": [
{
"id": 1,
"content": "Very interesting...",
"user": 2,
"post": 1
},
{
"id": 2,
"content": "Nice work!",
"user": 3,
"post": 1
}
],
"post": {
"id": 1,
"title": "Hello World!",
"content": "Building a cutting-edge web application...",
"author": 1,
"comments": ["1","2"]
}
}
As you can tell, there is no _id or _ids in the association properties. And this can be achieved with the following ActiveModelSerializer on Rails:
class PostSerializer < ActiveModel::Serializer
attributes :id, :title, :content
embed :ids, include: true
has_one :author, key: :author, root: :users
has_many :comments, key: :comments, root: :comments
end
Retrieving data from the server.
This change is the one I like the most. We can finally know when the data is completely loaded in our application. And that's because all finders now return promises. Promises, according to Martin Fowler, "are objects which represent the pending result of an asynchronous operation. You can use these to schedule further activity after the asynchronous operation has completed by supplying a callback". Yes! we now have callbacks.
First, let's see the new code to load Models on our Routes, in Ember Data 0.13 we had:
App.UsersRoute = Ember.Route.extend
model: ->
App.User.find()
Or something like this:
App.UserRoute = Ember.Route.extend
model: (params) ->
App.User.find(params.id)
Now with Ember Data 1.0.0-beta, the code to do this is:
App.UsersRoute = Ember.Route.extend
model: ->
@store.find('user')
and:
App.UserRoute = Ember.Route.extend
model: (params) ->
@store.find('user', params.id)
The way we create records has changed too, let's compare between versions, in Ember Data 0.13 we had:
App.NewUserRoute = Ember.Route.extend
model: ->
App.User.createRecord()
actions:
save: ->
@controllerFor('newUser').get('transaction').commit()
Ember Data 1.0.0-beta now works this way:
App.NewUserRoute = Ember.Route.extend
model: ->
@store.createRecord('user')
actions:
save: ->
@modelFor('newUser').save()
Finally, let's see an example of a Promise, check the following code corresponding to Ember Data 0.13:
someMethod: ->
post = App.Post.find(1)
# If the server takes a little while retrieving the post,
# the console.log will print null because
# the find method is an async operation
console.log post.get('title')
But with Ember Data 1.0.0-beta and the Promise concept, we don't have to worry about that anymore:
someMethod: ->
@store.find('post', 1).then (post) ->
console.log post.get('title')
All is possible thanks to the then callback, and guess what? The save method also bring us a promise!
App.NewUserRoute = Ember.Route.extend
model: ->
@store.createRecord('user')
actions:
save: ->
@modelFor('newUser').save().then ->
# Model correctly saved
@transitionTo('users');
, ->
# Model failed to save
alert 'Something went wrong'
Controllers.
With the new version of Ember.js, the methods on the controller are 'deprecated'. They recommend you to put all your controller methods inside an actions object, like this:
App.MyController = Ember.ObjectController.extend
actions:
method1: ->
# do something
method2: ->
# do other thing
Upgrading Ember.js from a Rails application.
If you are using Ember.js with Rails, you may be using the ember-rails gem. If you want to try all I have mentioned here, you can run the following command in your terminal:
bundle exec rails generate ember:install --head
This will download the latest builds of Ember.js and Ember Data. I recommend you to create a git branch and try all this out.
Conclusions.
The Ember.js team has made a great effort to improve its framework, these new changes are easy to understand and some of them were due a long time ago. I hope you enjoyed reading this information while it's valid, the current version of Ember Data is 1.0.0-beta.2 and I have no doubt that more changes are coming.
If you are interested in learning how to develop a Rails + Ember.js web application from scratch, then wait a little, I'm working on the final details of a long tutorial about that!
See you next time.
Sources.
